In Kant's first publication, he describes the categorical imperative: actions that are inherently good in themselves and do not use other actions or people as a means to an end.
In this excerpt, Hume demonstrates why he believes moral perceptions do not derive from rational reasoning and refutes the view that humans are able to evaluate moral behaviors, so as to act in a "good" manner.
Hume describes the distinction between good and evil as particular pains and pleasures. Thus, the sense of virtue allows us to feel satisfaction in contemplating a character.